OUTDOOR SOLAR LIGHTS

so my friend and i are entering a contest for our school. the project is to long to describe so ill just get to the question. i need to power 20 4mm blue led lights. and it need to be done by solar panels. it doesn’t have to run for vary long at night, but it has to be lit during the day. dose anyone know how i would go about doing this. i know a descent about about electronics so don’t feel like you have to dumb anyhting down..
yes but what size regulator, what size/kind of battery. maybe i should not say i know a descent amount, i know how to assemble things once i know what i need

If you know electronics what do you need to know? This is about as basic as it comes. Panel needs to go to a regulator, regulator needs to go to a battery, the battery needs to go to the leds.

You should be able to get every part you need from radioshack.

20 leds at 20ma at 3.5 volts is 1.4 watts of power. Make sure the panel is rate for about twice this size.

*****
Your setup depend a lot on how efficient and how much money you want to spend.

Best setup would be to buy a 2 watt panel then connect it to a Adjustable-Voltage Regulator like a LM317T (radioshack) this regulator supports over 1.5 amps(5.25w)this will easily power 1 watt of leds. Setup the regulator to output 3.5 volts. If you dont care if it runs at night connect the small power capacitor rate for more than 3 volts. If you want it to run for a little longer at night connect it to a larger capacitor. If you want it to run for a long time connect it to 3.5 volt worth of rechargeable batteries.

easier and less efficient way would be connect the panel to a preset voltage regulator like a 5volt connect this to your power source that you pick. Then put a resistor on every led so they can run off the 5volts.
If you led is 3.5 volt and needs 20ma you would need a 250 ohm resistor on every led. (5v/0.02amp=250ohm)

Easist and not the best would be to buy 12volt solar battery charger. Connect the charger to a motor cycle battery. Connect 600 ohm resistor on every led and your done.

Just make sure the panel doesn’t output voltage higher than you regulator supports. This shouldn’t be a problem with small panels.You could all so skip using resistor on every led and hook some or all of them in series but its not as easy.

so my friend and i are entering a contest for our school. the project is to long to describe so ill just get to the question. i need to power 20 4mm blue led lights. and it need to be done by solar panels. it doesn’t have to run for vary long at night, but it has to be lit during the day. dose anyone know how i would go about doing this. i know a descent about about electronics so don’t feel like you have to dumb anyhting down..
yes but what size regulator, what size/kind of battery. maybe i should not say i know a descent amount, i know how to assemble things once i know what i need

If you know electronics what do you need to know? This is about as basic as it comes. Panel needs to go to a regulator, regulator needs to go to a battery, the battery needs to go to the leds.

You should be able to get every part you need from radioshack.

20 leds at 20ma at 3.5 volts is 1.4 watts of power. Make sure the panel is rate for about twice this size.

*****
Your setup depend a lot on how efficient and how much money you want to spend.

Best setup would be to buy a 2 watt panel then connect it to a Adjustable-Voltage Regulator like a LM317T (radioshack) this regulator supports over 1.5 amps(5.25w)this will easily power 1 watt of leds. Setup the regulator to output 3.5 volts. If you dont care if it runs at night connect the small power capacitor rate for more than 3 volts. If you want it to run for a little longer at night connect it to a larger capacitor. If you want it to run for a long time connect it to 3.5 volt worth of rechargeable batteries.

easier and less efficient way would be connect the panel to a preset voltage regulator like a 5volt connect this to your power source that you pick. Then put a resistor on every led so they can run off the 5volts.
If you led is 3.5 volt and needs 20ma you would need a 250 ohm resistor on every led. (5v/0.02amp=250ohm)

Easist and not the best would be to buy 12volt solar battery charger. Connect the charger to a motor cycle battery. Connect 600 ohm resistor on every led and your done.

Just make sure the panel doesn’t output voltage higher than you regulator supports. This shouldn’t be a problem with small panels.You could all so skip using resistor on every led and hook some or all of them in series but its not as easy.

Have a little homework to do over the weekend.. Can’t find these answers anywhere online. I could realllly use help on these thirty (pretty much) yes, no, or very short answers.

29) Spectrum is light intensity vs. frequency in ASCENDING or DESCENDING order?
30) Photon A has wavelength twice the wavelength of B; compare their energies.
31) Photon A has frequency three less than the frequency of star B; compare their energy.
32) Photon A at 400 MHz; photon B at 200 Mhz: compare their energies.
33) Photon at 2 nm; another photon at 6mm: compare their energies.
35) The sun’s spectrum during a solar eclipse is continuous: true or false?
36) Who discovered the Emission spectrum of hydrogen?
37) who discovered the emission spectrum from the ground state?
38) out of the emission spectra for hydrogen: which one is in the shortest wavelength?
39) a Bohr’s atom electron descends from the 3d level to the 1st one; another one descends from the 3d level to the 2nd one; which one is more energetic?
40) Which one has the shortest wavelength? (from question above)
41) Are focal lengths in curved mirrors?)
42) In a Schmidt-Cassegrain, where is the image of a star: at the focal plane of the primary or the eye piece?

43) How can we see through dust clouds in Astronomy? Via Short or Long wavelengths?
44) A green-light photon is scattered from particle to particle in a dust cloud: does it go through a Doppler shift?
45) a radio-frequency photon through a dust cloud undergoes a red-shift; true or false
46) Scattering of a wavelength causes blue-shift; true or false?
47) Red-shift is caused by: a) scattering b) refraction c) reflection?
48) 3% redshift of Ha line corresponds to what speed of a star?
49) 30km/s speed corresponds to Ha shift equal to —– what %?
50) star A has three times the solar radius, and it is 24000 degrees: what is its normalized luminosity?
51) Repeat for a Star 10 times the solar radius and Temp 44000 degrees
52)A star’s relative luminosity is 10000; its max wavelength is 167 nm. what is its size (radius) compared to the sun’s?
53) How many advantages of RF telescopes do you know?
54) We can see through dust clouds by means of RF telescopes. Explain why.

Help on ANY of these would be greatly appreciated!! Cheers.

30) Photon A’s energy is 4 times as strong as photon B. Thus increasing in wavelength (obviously) Thus causing a blue-shift

tell me if they are true or false!!!
1. The solar light-reaction occur in the STROMA

2. Glucose is synthesized in the GRANA

3. Blue is a MORE energetic wavelength of light than red

4. Light energy is first captured in PHOTOSYSTEM I.

yes

tell me if they are true or false!!!
1. The solar light-reaction occur in the STROMA

2. Glucose is synthesized in the GRANA

3. Blue is a MORE energetic wavelength of light than red

4. Light energy is first captured in PHOTOSYSTEM I.

yes

What REAL harm is there taking steps to reduce or completely eliminate our "possible" contributions? Do you think making the applicable changes will impact our economy as … Humm… Your or other U.S citizens high paying blue and white collar jobs being shipped overseas?

Unless you are really rich, you losing your job will have a real negative impact on you family. I would say more so than the polluters being required to reduce their emissions.

Would you have that same opinion if instead of our government subsidizing petroleum & power producers they subsidized wind power, solar and wave turbines? Enough of them in place and you still have your lights, heat and water. The only difference being other than during the manufacturing process, the alternatives did not emit any pollutants.

Let’s take that to the next level. You were given direct tax credits for implementing any or all the above alternatives on your home and you could sell the access to the "GRID" at retail prices?
I see there are a few here that have not understood everything asked. For those that have presented flippant answers…

So you are stating that even if the changes just reduced the amount of pollution (forget about the greenhouse gasses), you still would not want to implementing changes? If it put money in your pocket, you would rather not have the money?
You are correct. The government does provide subsidies however; it’s a very small sum by comparison to what the petrol and energy companies get.

I am walking the walk. I have 35,000 watts of solar cells on my roof and in the back yard, geo-thermal HVAC and would have a Wind turbine but my community will not allow it (yet).

Most in my subdivision have 400 – 800 amp generators (we have a 400 amp). We have occasional power outages. My neighbors generators kick in, cost a pollute every time they come on. My system kicks over to my power storage units (batteries and magnetic bearing flywheel generators). My 400amp natural gas generator runs once a month for 5 minutes to run diagnostic self checks. We have NEVER used it.

I live in a 41 year old 8000 square foot house in the Midwest. My additions are generating thousands. At the same time emitting nearly zero pollutants (I have not started using the NASA developed water purification system yet.
My point was to get others on the band wagon and use the buying power of the U.S. government to start the process of making homes self standing power stations. While the housing market has slumped, my house continues to increase in value. I renovated another house and sold it in January. I made a 250% profit and the main selling point is was 80% off the power grid and required 10% of the natural gas to heat it.

I’m walking the walk alright.

You opened a can of worms here. There will always be people who won’t believe anything until it hits them on the head. These same people will be the first in line to cry for help also. They will also step on anyone who may get in their way to get that help.
Even if this planet wasn’t having a global warming proble it would still be the right thing to do to keep our home clean & safe.
You are either part of the problem or part of the solution.

What REAL harm is there taking steps to reduce or completely eliminate our "possible" contributions? Do you think making the applicable changes will impact our economy as … Humm… Your or other U.S citizens high paying blue and white collar jobs being shipped overseas?

Unless you are really rich, you losing your job will have a real negative impact on you family. I would say more so than the polluters being required to reduce their emissions.

Would you have that same opinion if instead of our government subsidizing petroleum & power producers they subsidized wind power, solar and wave turbines? Enough of them in place and you still have your lights, heat and water. The only difference being other than during the manufacturing process, the alternatives did not emit any pollutants.

Let’s take that to the next level. You were given direct tax credits for implementing any or all the above alternatives on your home and you could sell the access to the "GRID" at retail prices?
I see there are a few here that have not understood everything asked. For those that have presented flippant answers…

So you are stating that even if the changes just reduced the amount of pollution (forget about the greenhouse gasses), you still would not want to implementing changes? If it put money in your pocket, you would rather not have the money?
You are correct. The government does provide subsidies however; it’s a very small sum by comparison to what the petrol and energy companies get.

I am walking the walk. I have 35,000 watts of solar cells on my roof and in the back yard, geo-thermal HVAC and would have a Wind turbine but my community will not allow it (yet).

Most in my subdivision have 400 – 800 amp generators (we have a 400 amp). We have occasional power outages. My neighbors generators kick in, cost a pollute every time they come on. My system kicks over to my power storage units (batteries and magnetic bearing flywheel generators). My 400amp natural gas generator runs once a month for 5 minutes to run diagnostic self checks. We have NEVER used it.

I live in a 41 year old 8000 square foot house in the Midwest. My additions are generating thousands. At the same time emitting nearly zero pollutants (I have not started using the NASA developed water purification system yet.
My point was to get others on the band wagon and use the buying power of the U.S. government to start the process of making homes self standing power stations. While the housing market has slumped, my house continues to increase in value. I renovated another house and sold it in January. I made a 250% profit and the main selling point is was 80% off the power grid and required 10% of the natural gas to heat it.

I’m walking the walk alright.

You opened a can of worms here. There will always be people who won’t believe anything until it hits them on the head. These same people will be the first in line to cry for help also. They will also step on anyone who may get in their way to get that help.
Even if this planet wasn’t having a global warming proble it would still be the right thing to do to keep our home clean & safe.
You are either part of the problem or part of the solution.

As we know, so far it is not possible to travel on planets of our solar system. Evaluation of planet’s climate, gravity, motion, presence of gases, pressure of environmental gases and water by means of photographs cannot deliver realistic information. Such planets appears so tiny (like earth appeared when Voyager clicked earth’s snap shot from 4 billion km and Prof. Carl Sagan’s famous speech on "pale blue dot") and cannot be evaluated if it really supports the life. If you see earth’s pale blue dot snap, no one can make-out (from a habitable extra-solar planet) that this blue dot has grown very intelligent life on it. Earth itself appears difficult to identify from this distance then what’s there on it is just impossible to determine. For example, if we find habitable planet on just opposite arm of the Milky Way, how to conclude that it has something like earth.

Here is a famous quote of Carl Sagan.

The "Pale Blue Dot" … From this distant vantage point, the Earth might not seem of any particular interest.
But for us, it’s different. Look again at that dot. That’s here. That’s home. That’s us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.
The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors, so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.
Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.
The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.
It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we’ve ever known.
– Carl Sagan, 1994

we don’t, and Carl will live forever

As we know, so far it is not possible to travel on planets of our solar system. Evaluation of planet’s climate, gravity, motion, presence of gases, pressure of environmental gases and water by means of photographs cannot deliver realistic information. Such planets appears so tiny (like earth appeared when Voyager clicked earth’s snap shot from 4 billion km and Prof. Carl Sagan’s famous speech on "pale blue dot") and cannot be evaluated if it really supports the life. If you see earth’s pale blue dot snap, no one can make-out (from a habitable extra-solar planet) that this blue dot has grown very intelligent life on it. Earth itself appears difficult to identify from this distance then what’s there on it is just impossible to determine. For example, if we find habitable planet on just opposite arm of the Milky Way, how to conclude that it has something like earth.

Here is a famous quote of Carl Sagan.

The "Pale Blue Dot" … From this distant vantage point, the Earth might not seem of any particular interest.
But for us, it’s different. Look again at that dot. That’s here. That’s home. That’s us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.
The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors, so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.
Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.
The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.
It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we’ve ever known.
– Carl Sagan, 1994

we don’t, and Carl will live forever

hydrogen and helium completely dominate the light spectrum during brightening, and the spectral lines are blue shifted compared with the light from the light source before brightening, what would you be observing?

I would say it’s a supernova.
The blue relative shift would be due to the sudden collapse before explosion.
No quasar has anything as small as 100 x solar luminosity.
Three days is a typical time period for observation of supernova events.
Hydrogen and helium are the elements which would dominate the upper layers of a red giant about to pop.